4,155 research outputs found
Algebraic and Geometric Mean Density of States in Topological Anderson Insulators
Algebraic and geometric mean density of states in disordered systems may
reveal properties of electronic localization. In order to understand the
topological phases with disorder in two dimensions, we present the calculated
density of states for disordered Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model. The topological
phase is characterized by a perfectly quantized conducting plateau, carried by
helical edge states, in a two-terminal setup. In the presence of disorder, the
bulk of the topological phase is either a band insulator or an Anderson
insulator. Both of them can protect edge states from backscattering. The
topological phases are explicitly distinguished as topological band insulator
or topological Anderson insulator from the ratio of the algebraic mean density
of states to the geometric mean density of states. The calculation reveals that
topological Anderson insulator can be induced by disorders from either a
topologically trivial band insulator or a topologically nontrivial band
insulator.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Broken S_3 Flavor Symmetry of Leptons and Quarks: Mass Spectra and Flavor Mixing Patterns
We apply the discrete S_3 flavor symmetry to both lepton and quark sectors of
the standard model extended by introducing one Higgs triplet and realizing the
type-II seesaw mechanism for finite neutrino masses. The resultant mass
matrices of charged leptons (M_l), neutrinos (M_nu), up-type quarks (M_u) and
down-type quarks (M_d) have a universal form consisting of two terms: one is
proportional to the identity matrix I and the other is proportional to the
democracy matrix D. We argue that the textures of M_l, M_u and M_d are
dominated by the D term, while that of M_nu is dominated by the I term. This
hypothesis implies a near mass degeneracy of three neutrinos and can naturally
explain why the mass matrices of charged fermions are strongly hierarchical,
why the quark mixing matrix is close to I and why the lepton mixing matrix
contains two large angles. We discuss a rather simple perturbation ansatz to
break the S_3 symmetry and obtain more realistic mass spectra of leptons and
quarks as well as their flavor mixing patterns. We stress that the I term,
which used to be ignored from M_l, M_u and M_d, is actually important because
it can significantly modify the smallest lepton flavor mixing angle theta_13 or
three quark flavor mixing angles.Comment: 13 pages, no figures; discussions about CP violation added,
references updated, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Regionalized implementation strategy of smart automation within assembly systems in China
Produzierende Unternehmen in aufstrebenden Nationen wie China, sind bestrebt, die Produktivität der Produktion durch eine Verbesserung der Lean Produktion mit disruptiven Technologien zu erreichen. Smart Automation ist dabei eine vielversprechende Lösung, allerdings können Unternehmen aufgrund von mangelnden Ressourcen oft nicht alle Smart Automation Technologien gleichzeitig implementieren. Ebenso beeinflusst eine Vielzahl an Einflussfaktoren, wie z.B. Standortfaktoren. Dementsprechend herausfordernd ist die Auswahl und Priorisierung von Smart Automation Technologien in Form von Einführungsstrategien für produzierende Unternehmen.
Der Stand der Forschung untersucht nur unzureichend die Analyse der Interdependenzen zwischen Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und Key Performance Indikatoren (KPIs). Darüber hinaus mangelt es an einer Methode zur Ableitung der Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien unter Berücksichtigung dieser Interdependenzen.
Entsprechend trägt diese Arbeit dazu bei, eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen zu ermöglichen. Zunächst werden die Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und KPIs identifiziert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden, mit Hilfe von qualitativen und quantitativen Analysen, die Interdependenzen bestimmt. Anschließend werden diese Interdependenzen auf ein Montagesystem mittels hybrider Modellierung und Simulation übertragen. Im vierten Schritt wird eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie durch eine Optimierung und eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation abgeleitet. Die Methodik wurde im Rahmen des deutsch-chinesischen Forschungsprojekts I4TP entwickelt, das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unterstützt wird. Die Validierung wurde erfolgreich mit einem produzierenden Unternehmen in Beijing durchgeführt.
Die entwickelte Methodik stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bei der Entwicklung einer regionalisierten Einführungsstrategie für Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen dar. Dadurch sind produzierende Unter-nehmen in der Lage, individuelle Einführungsstrategien für disruptive Technologien auf Basis wissenschaftlicher und rationaler Analysen effektiv abzuleiten
Effects of Processing Difficulty on Eye Movements in Reading: A Review of Behavioral and Neural Observations
In reading, text difficulties increase the duration of eye fixation and the frequency of refixation and regression. The present article reviews previous attempts to quantify these effects based on the frequency of effect theory (FET), and links these effects to results from microstimulation of primate supple-mentary eye fields. Observed stimulation effects on the latency and frequency of visually-guided saccades depend on the onset time of electric current relative to target onset, and the strength of applied current. Resultant saccade delay was only observed for those made towards a highly predictive location ipsilateral to stimulated SEF sites. These findings are inter-preted in the context of reading, where the detection of processing difficulty allows a suppression signal to supersede a forward saccade signal in a time race. This in turn permits a cognitively-based refixation/regression to be initiated in place of the suppressed forward saccade
Robustness of Quantum Spin Hall Effect in an External Magnetic Field
The edge states in the quantum spin Hall effect are expected to be protected
by time reversal symmetry. The experimental observation of the quantized
conductance was reported in the InAs/GaSb quantum well {[}Du et al,
arXiv:1306.1925{]}, up to a large magnetic field, which raises a question on
the robustness of the edge states in the quantum spin Hall effect under time
reversal symmetry breaking. Here we present a theoretical calculation on
topological invariants for the Benevig-Hughes-Zhang model in an external
magnetic field, and find that the quantum spin Hall effect retains robust up to
a large magnetic field. The critical value of the magnetic field breaking the
quantum spin Hall effect is dominantly determined by the band gap at the
point instead of the indirect band gap between the conduction and
valence bands. This illustrates that the quantum spin Hall effect could persist
even under time reversal symmetry breaking.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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